1>Janvh: /* "Add / edit competency depth" admin page */

2010-11-25T19:22:14Z

"Add / edit competency depth" admin page

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{{Moodle 2.0}}<p class="note">'''Note''': This page outlines ideas for the Competencies feature planned for Moodle 2.0. It's a ''specification under construction''! If you have any comments or suggestions, please add them to the [[Development talk:Progress tracking|page comments]].''</p>

* '''PROJECT STATE: Proposal'''
* '''MAIN TRACKER ISSUE''':
* '''DISCUSSION''': Not yet announced on Moodle.org
* '''COMMENTS''': [[Development_talk:Competencies]]
* '''AUTHOR''': [[User:Jonathan Newman|Jonathan Newman]] with help from [[Matt Clarkson|Matt Clarkson]] and others

=Overview=
To support the range of different types of competency frameworks used by organisations, competencies in Moodle 2.0 needs to expand on the 1.9 outcomes architecture.

==Goals==
# Measured amount of abstraction
#* Allow "admins" to organise competencies in a hierarchy
#* Allow "admins" to create unlimited hierarchical levels
#* Allow "admins" to map related competencies on a given depth level
#* Allow "admins" to define custom info fields on a given depth level
# Easy navigation
#* Allow "admins" to view the competency structure
#** Expanding/collapsing competencies
#** Sorting/searching/filtering by competency meta data
#* Allow "admins" to easily add new competencies and meta-data
# Linking competencies and evidence items
#* Allow "admins" to easily attach allowed evidence (course, activity, etc) to a competency (from a ''site-level competency view''):
#* Allow "course creators" to attach competencies to evidence ''within a course'':
# Portability
#* Allow "admins" to import competencies (using import plugins) into a Moodle install
#* Allow "admins" to export competencies (using export plugins) from a Moodle install
# Specifying expected proficiency levels
#* Allow "admins" to assign an expected proficiency level (i.e., competency scale value) to a competency and a competency evidence item
# Aggregating measured proficiency
#* Allow "admins" to specify aggregation methods for each competency
#* Reporting
#** Allow "admins" to view competency results for all students
#** Allow "teachers" to view student measured proficiencies related to evidence in his/her courses.
#** Allow "students" to view their own competency results (via either their personal profile or My Moodle).
# Specifying weights
#* Allow "admins" to assign weight to a competency or a competency evidence item
# Scalability
#* Store and retrieve data efficiently to allow the scalability to very large numbers of courses, users, competencies, evidence, etc
# Extensibility
#* Use a plugin architecture for evidence types

==General requirements==
# We'll need to access and use the existing site-wide Outcomes [https://docs.moodle.org/en/Development:Grades#grade_outcomes Outcomes tables]
# We'll need to use the tables that indicate completion status for courses (these are not yet in place) [https://docs.moodle.org/en/Development:Course_completion Course Completion]
# We need to get aggregate information about the course outcomes and aggregate grades for each user from the gradebook API

==Definitions==
'''Scale''': A way to measure a competency using scale values.

Example scales:
"Average-based scale"
"Competency-based scale"

'''Scale values''': Descriptor or numeric values that comprise a scale. A scale value can have a id number (code) and description.

Example scales values (with descriptors and numerical values) for the scale examples above:
"Below average [1], Average [2], Above average [3]
"Not yet competent [0], Competent [100]"

'''Competency''': A measurable knowledge, skill, ability, attitude or other learning-related characteristic which a student may have. Competencies can be organised into a hierarchy.

Example hierarchy of competencies:
top-level competency: "Literacy"
-> child competency: "Reading Comprehension"
-> child competency: "Responding to Text"
-> child competency: "Initial Understanding of Literary Text"
-> child competency: "Demonstrate initial understanding of elements of literary texts (including text read aloud, reading independently"

'''Competency evidence type''': A form of evidence that can be accepted as evidence that a competency has been achieved. Examples:
Activity grade
Activity completion
Activity outcome
Course completion
Course grade
File (diploma)

'''Competency evidence''': A competency can be measured by one or more competency evidence types. Evidence can be stated to include the evidence type, evidence date, and measured value. Examples:
"Quiz - 4:00pm May 28, 2009 - Grade 90% out of 100%"
"Certificate - Public Speaking Institute - 4:00pm May 28, 2009 - Passed."
"File - College Diploma - 4:00pm May 28, 2009 - Bachelor of Science Computer Science"

'''Expected proficiency level''': The expected (or required) rating (based on a scale descriptor or numerical value) for a competency. Examples:
"Average"
"5"
"50%"
"Passed"

'''Measured proficiency level''': A user's observed, scored, reported proficiency level for a competency.
"Above average"
"8"
"80%"
"Passed"

'''Competency weighting''': Child competencies can be assigned weights which can be used for aggregating either sums or averages of child competencies. Examples:

Example with percentage weights
-> top-level competency: "Communication"
-> child competency: "Written Communication" : weight: 60%
-> child competency: "Oral Communication" : weight: 40%

==Example frameworks==

'''Example 1:''' Competency hierarchy with activity outcomes as evidence

The example data below is based roughly on the [http://education.vermont.gov/ Department of Education for the State of Vermont]'s [http://education.vermont.gov/new/html/pgm_curriculum/literacy/gle.html Grade 1 Expectations for Literacy] for Reading.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|'''Depth level'''
|'''Depth name'''
|'''Competency'''
'''full name'''
|'''Competency'''
'''evidence'''
|'''Competency'''
'''aggregation method'''
|'''Competency
'''weight'''
|'''Competency'''
'''proficiency expected'''

|-
|0
|"Curriculum"
|"Literacy"
|none
|all
|20%
|80%

|-
|1
|"Type"
|"Reading"
|none
|all
|20%
|100%

|-
|2
|"Standard"
|"Standard 1.1 Reading Strategies"
|none
|all
|20%
|80%

|-
|3
|"Strategy"
|"Early Reading Skills and Strategies: Phonological Awareness"
|none
|all
|100%
|80%

|-
|4
|"Code"
|"RK: 1 - Applies phonological knowledge and skills by..."
|activity outcome "Recognizing pairs of rhyming words and producing rhymes"

activity outcome "Blending and segmenting syllables and onset-rimes"

activity outcome "Isolating phonemes in single-syllable words (e.g., "tell me the first sound in 'mop' "; "tell me the last sound in 'mop,'" "tell me the middle sound in 'mop'")"
|all
|50%
|80%

|-
|3
|"Strategy"
|"Early Reading Skills and Strategies - Concepts of Print"
|none
|all
|50%
|80%

|-
|4
|"Code"
|"RK: 2 - Demonstrates understanding of concepts of print during shared or individual reading by..."
|activity outcome: "Distinguishing between printed letters and words"

activity outcome: "Following text with finger-pointing (e.g., charts, simple books), demonstrating left-to-right and top-to-bottom directionality"

activity outcome: "Identifying the first and last parts of a word (beginning/end of the word)"

activity outcome: "Identifying key parts of a book: front and back, print, illustrations"

|all
|50%
|80%
|}

See [https://docs.moodle.org/en/Development:Competencies_example here] for how the data above fits into the proposed schema.

=Settings=
==Site settings==
[https://docs.moodle.org/en/Development:Conditional_activities#Completion_tracking_2 Activity Completion] provides an "Enable outcomes" setting (found in the Site Administration block's Advanced features / optional subsystems settings page). We need to keep outcomes, however we will need to add competencies.

'''Proposed changes:'''
* Create a new setting named "Enable competencies" (the setting will allow competencies to be defined)

=User interface=

==Site Administration block==
When competencies are enabled, a "Competencies" menu item should appear in the Site Administration block. An "Add / edit competencies" option should appear when "Competencies" is clicked. The "Add / edit competencies" will point to the "Add / edit competencies" admin page.

=="Add/edit competencies" admin page==
[[Image:Competencies_add_edit_default.png|thumb|400px|Mockup of the Add/edit competencies admin page (default)]]

[[Image:Competencies_add_edit.png|thumb|400px|Mockup of the Add/edit competencies admin page (with competencies from Example 1 framework)]]

An "admin" can use this page to add and edit competencies and competency depth levels, using buttons and features available in a table.

'''Buttons'''
* An "Add a new competency" button will link to the "Add a competency" admin page.
* An "Add a new depth level" button will link to the "Add a depth level" admin page.

'''Table rows'''
* A "plus" / "minus" icon will appear on the right of each row in the table, allowing all child competencies to be shown or hidden.

'''Table columns'''
* A default, top-level competency depth named "Competency" will appear in a table as a column on the left. The default competency depth name can be changed (e.g., "Competency Area", "Standard", "Development Area", etc).
* When a new competency depth is added, it will appear as column to the right of the next highest competency depth level.
* Appearing to the right of the competency depth level columns will be the following "standard" interface columns: "Evidence items", "Edit", and "Move competency to".

Below are more specifics on the table columns and content:
* ''[Competency depth level 0 name]'', ''[Competency depth level 1 name]'', ''[Competency depth level 2 name]'', ... ''[Competency depth level n name]''
** Columns of depth levels will be ordered from highest/top-level (on the left) to the lowest (on the right).
** An edit icon will appear beside each competency depth name, and will link to the "Edit competency depth" page (which will allow an "admin" to change the name of the competency depth name).
** The competency name will be displayed, and will link to a page containing meta data and possibly summary proficiency achievement stats about the competency.
* ''Evidence item''
** By default the number of evidence items will be "0". The number shown will link to the "Add / edit evidence items" admin page for the given competency.
* ''Edit''
** Three icons appear providing the following functionality:
*** "edit" icon points to the "Edit competency" page for the competency
*** "delete" icon points to a confirmation page for deleting the competency
*** "up" / "down" icons will appear beside child competencies when a parent has two or more child competencies. A competency can only be moved up or down with respect to a parent competency.Only the down arrow will appear for the highest child competency, and only the up arrow will appear for the lowest child competency.
* ''Move competency to''
** A drop down menu appears containing all parent competencies at the next highest depth.
** Competencies can only be moved from one parent to another parent in the same depth level.

=="Add / edit a competency" admin page==
[[Image:Competencies_add.png|thumb|400px|Mockup of the Add competencies admin page]]

An "admin" will use this page to add or edit a new competency, with the following settings:

''General settings''
* Parent competency
* Competency full name
* Competency short name
* Competency ID number
* Description
* Aggregation method
* Scale
* Proficiency expected

''Custom depth level settings''
* Form elements based on custom fields for selected depth level (based on the parent competency)
* Changing the selected parent competency should update the custom fields shown, if the depth level of the parent changes

=="Add / edit competency depth" admin page==
[[Image:Competencies_depth_add.png|thumb|400px|Mockup of the Add competency depth admin page]]

An "admin" will use this page to add / edit a new competency depth, with the following settings:
* Depth full name
* Depth short name
* Description

Also, the depth level will be displayed

=="Add / edit competency evidence" admin page==
[[Image:Competencies_evidence_add_edit.png|thumb|400px|Mockup of the Add / edit competency evidence admin page with Example 1 competencies]]

An "admin" will be use this page to view / add / edit evidence for a competency. The top of the page should display the existing general data for the competency, the number of "students" who have achieved the competency, and a table showing data and functionality for each evidence item:
* The name of the competency evidence (which links to the evidence item in context, e.g., the course if course completion is specified, etc)
* The type of evidence
* The activity (if the evidence is an activity outcome or activity grade)
* The weight of the evidence
* Options to edit or remove the evidence
* The number of "students" who have achieved the evidence

An "Add new competency evidence" button should link to the "Add new competency evidence" admin page.

=="Competencies summary" user profile page==

[[Image:Competencies_user_profile_activity.png|thumb|400px|Mockup of user profile page with Example 1 competencies]]

An "student" or a user with permission to view a student's competencies will be able to view the proficiency status for each competency as a table with the following columns:
* Competency depth(s)
* Evidence items
* Proficiency
* Scale

Each competency name should link to a pop-up containing the competency details (full name, description, aggregation method, scale, and meta data) and list of evidence items.

Each number of competency items should link to a pop-up containing a list of evidence items.

=Data structures=

[[Image:Competency_data_model.png|thumb|400px|Competencies data model]]

===scale===
Scales (introduced in Moodle 1.9) give a scale value a single attribute: text (i.e., the name of the scale value like "below standard," "meets standard," "above standard"). Scale values can be particularly useful if given attributes including: numerical equivalent, idnumber (code id), and a description. The new attributes will require a new table.

''Proposed changes:'' Create a new table 'scale_values' that includes a foreign key to the 'scale' table, and migrate the 'scale' field values from the 'scale' table (as serialised text) to the 'scale_values' table (as separate records). A sort order field will be used to track ranking (starting with the lowest with a sortorder of 0).

Below is the proposed 'scale' table, and further below is the proposed 'scale_value' table.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|'''Field'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Default'''
|'''Info'''

|-
|'''id'''
|int(10)
|
|Auto incrementing

|-
|'''courseid'''
|int(10)
|
|Id of the course, which the scale belongs to

|-
|'''userid'''
|int(10)
|
|Id of the user who last modified the scale

|-
|'''name'''
|varchar(255)
|
|Name of the scale value

|-
|'''description'''
|text
|
|Description of the scale value

|-
|'''timemodified'''
|int(10)
|
|Timestamp of when the scale was modified
|}

===scale_values===

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|'''Field'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Default'''
|'''Info'''

|-
|'''id'''
|int(10)
|
|Auto incrementing

|-
|'''scaleid'''
|int(10)
|
|Id of the scale that the scale value describes

|-
|'''name'''
|varchar(255)
|
|Name of the scale value

|-
|'''idnumber'''
|varchar(100)
|
|Optional id, code number or local identifier for the scale value (used for reporting).

|-
|'''description'''
|text
|
|Description of the scale value

|-
|'''numeric'''
|number(8)
|
|Numerical value for the scale value

|-
|'''sortorder'''
|int(10)
|
|The order for the scale value

|-
|'''timemodified'''
|int(10)
|
|Timestamp of when the scale value was modified
|}

===competency===

A competency can be part of a hierarchy and can have evidence attached to it.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|'''Field'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Default'''
|'''Info'''

|-
|'''id'''
|int(10)
|
|Auto incrementing

|-
|'''shortname'''
|varchar(100)
|
|The shortname for the competency

|-
|'''fullname'''
|varchar(255)
|
|The full name for the competency

|-
|'''description'''
|text
|
|The description of the competency

|-
|'''idnumber'''
|int(10)
|
|The id, code number or local identifier for the competency used for reporting

|-
|'''parentid'''
|int(10)
|
|The id of the parent competency

|-
|'''sortorder'''
|int(10)
|
|The order number of this competency (useful for ordering competencies for viewing/navigation/reporting)

|-
|'''depthid'''
|int(10)
|
|The id of the depth level the competency belongs to

|-
|'''path'''
|varchar(255)
|
|The path to the competency

|-
|'''aggregationmethod'''
|int(10)
|
|A constant representation one of the competency aggregation methods (any, all, unit, fraction, sum of weighted, average of weighted)

|-
|'''scaleid'''
|int(10)
|
|The scale used to measure the competency

|-
|'''proficiencyexpected'''
|int(10)
|
|The expected proficiency for the competency, foreign key to the scale_value table's id

|-
|'''timecreated'''
|int(10)
|
|The time when the competency was created

|-
|'''timemodified'''
|int(10)
|
|The time when the competency was modified

|-
|'''usermodified'''
|int(10)
|
|The userid of the person who last modified the competency
|}

===competency_relations===

For tracking relations between competencies.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|'''Field'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Default'''
|'''Info'''

|-
|'''id'''
|int(10)
|
|Auto incrementing

|-
|'''description'''
|text
|
|Info about how competencies are related

|-
|'''competencyid1'''
|int(10)
|
|The id of a competency

|-
|'''competencyid2'''
|int(10)
|
|The id of a related competency
|}

===competency_depth===

Data for a competency depth level.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|'''Field'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Default'''
|'''Info'''

|-
|'''id'''
|int(10)
|
|Auto incrementing

|-
|'''shortname'''
|varchar(255)
|
|Shortname for the depth level

|-
|'''fullname'''
|varchar(255)
|
|Full name for the depth level

|-
|'''description'''
|text
|
|Description for the depth level

|-
|'''level'''
|int(2)
|
|The actual depth level, starting at 0
|}

===competency_depth_info_field===

Data for a competency depth level field.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|'''Field'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Default'''
|'''Info'''

|-
|'''id'''
|int(10)
|
|Auto incrementing

|-
|'''shortname'''
|varchar(255)
|
|Shortname for the field

|-
|'''fullname'''
|text
|
|Full name for the field

|-
|'''depthid'''
|int(10)
|
|The id of the competency depth for the field. Foreign key to the competency_depth table's id

|-
|'''datatype'''
|varchar(255)
|
|The type of field data

|-
|'''description'''
|text
|
|Description of the field

|-
|'''categoryid'''
|int(10)
|
|The id for the field category. Foreign key to the competency_depth_info_category table's id field
|-
|'''sortorder'''
|int(10)
|
|The sort order for the field within its category

|-
|'''hidden'''
|int(1)
|
|The field should be hidden

|-
|'''required'''
|int(1)
|
|The field required

|-
|'''defaultdata'''
|text
|
|Default text for the selected parameter

|-
|'''param1'''
|text
|
|Parameter text

|-
|'''param2'''
|text
|
|Parameter text

|-
|'''param3'''
|text
|
|Parameter text

|-
|'''param4'''
|text
|
|Parameter text

|-
|'''param5'''
|text
|
|Parameter text
|}

===competency_depth_info_category===

A competency's depth level can have categories for its fields.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|'''Field'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Default'''
|'''Info'''

|-
|'''id'''
|int(10)
|
|Auto incrementing

|-
|'''name'''
|varchar(255)
|
|Shortname for the depth level category

|-
|'''sortorder'''
|int(10)
|
|The order number for this category

|}

===competency_depth_info_data===

Data for a depth level field.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|'''Field'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Default'''
|'''Info'''

|-
|'''id'''
|int(10)
|
|Auto incrementing

|-
|'''fieldid'''
|int(10)
|
|The id for the field

|-
|'''competencyid'''
|int(10)
|
|The id for the competency

|-
|'''data'''
|text
|
|The actual data for the competency field
|}

===competency_evidence_items===

A competency can be achieved by one or more forms of evidence.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|'''Field'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Default'''
|'''Info'''

|-
|'''id'''
|int(10)
|
|Auto incrementing

|-
|'''competencyid'''
|int(10)
|
|The id for the competency that this evidence describes

|-
|'''itemtype'''
|varchar(30)
|
|The type of evidence 'course/outcome', 'mod/outcome', 'course/completion', 'mod/completion', 'course/grade', 'mod/grade', 'file'

|-
|'''itemmodule'''
|varchar(30)
|
|The type of evidence 'quiz', 'scorm', etc
|-

|'''iteminstance'''
|int(10)
|
|The id for the evidence instance (ie, grade_outcome id, course id, course_modules id, grade_item id, files id)

|-
|'''weight'''
|num(10)
|
|The weight applied to this evidence item (for aggregation)

|-
|'''timecreated'''
|int(10)
|
|The time when this competency evidence was allowed

|-
|'''timemodified'''
|int(10)
|
|The time when this competency evidence was last changed

|-
|'''usermodified'''
|int(10)
|
|The user who last modified this evidence
|}

===competency_evidence===

Track historical and current competency information for each user.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|'''Field'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Default'''
|'''Info'''

|-
|'''id'''
|int(10)
|
|auto-incrementing

|-
|'''userid'''
|int(10)
|
|The id of the user

|-
|'''competencyid'''
|int(10)
|
|The id of the competency

|-
|'''proficiencymeasured'''
|int(10)
|
|The measured/evaluated proficiency level for the user

|-
|'''timecreated'''
|int(10)
|
|The time when this competency evidence was started

|-
|'''timemodified'''
|int(10)
|
|The time when this competency evidence was last changed
|}

=Plugin architecture=
'''Competency evidence type plugins'''

Each type of evidence will need its own methods for interacting with the competency architecture and will need to interact via a base competency evidence API. Below are the item types.

* Course completion
* Course grade
* Course outcome
* Activity completion
* Activity grade
* Activity outcome
* File

'''Report plugins'''

Similar to the gradebook, we need to allow development of report plugins for competencies.

'''Import/Export plugins'''

We need to be able to import and export data related to competencies.

'''Competency framework import/export'''
A competency framework should be able to be exported using an appropriate format in either xml and csv file format. There are some standards on exchanging competencies including:
* IEEE P1484.20.1 Standard on Reusable Competency Definitions and the IEEE Draft Standard on Simple Reusable Competency Map
* ISO/IEC PDTR 24763 Conceptual Reference Model for Competencies and Related Objects

'''Competency evidence import/export'''

There are a variety of standards for exchanging competencies evidence including:
* IMS Reusable Definition of Competency or Educational Objectives Spec (RDCEO)
* IMS Learner Information Package Spec (LIP)
* HR-XML Competencies (Measurable Characteristics) Recommendation, 2007 April 15

IMS RDCEO and LIP recommend formats as shown in the examples below (more [http://www.imsglobal.org/competencies/index.html IMS RDCEO here] and [http://www.imsglobal.org/profiles/index.html IMS LIP home]). Special thanks to Sarveswaran Kengatharaiyer (GSOC 2008 student for the Moodle Progress Tracker project) who developed these examples.

rdceo.identifier = rdceo434323
rdceo.title = Identify verbs in simple sentences
rdceo.description = “Identify verbs in simple sentences”
rdceo.definition.statement.
statementid = 123
statementname = Always
statementtext = Scale
statementtoken = scl55435
rdceo.definition.statement.
statementid = 124
statementname = Never
statementtext = Scale
statementtoken = scl55436
rdceo.definition.statement.
statementid = 125
statementname = Sometimes
statementtext = Scale
statementtoken = scl55437

lip.contenttype.referencial.sourceid.id = jenney_profile
lip.identification.cotenttype.referential.indexid = id123
lip.identification.name.partname.typename=Jenny
lip.competency
cotenttype.referential.indexid = j123
exrefrecord = rdceo434323
description = Always

HR-XML recommends a format like shown below in an example which uses recursive competencies (more [http://ns.hr-xml.org/2_5/HR-XML-2_5/CPO/Competencies.html#_Toc127531664 here]).
<Competency name="Communication Skills">
<Competency name="Written Communication Skills">
<CompetencyEvidence name="WRITTENTEST1-A" dateOfIncident="1995-01-01" lastUsed="2000-01-01">
<NumericValue minValue="3" maxValue="5" description="SEP-equivalent Skill-Level Range">5</NumericValue>
</CompetencyEvidence>
<CompetencyWeight>
<NumericValue minValue="0" maxValue="100">35</NumericValue>
</CompetencyWeight>
</Competency>
<Competency name="Oral Communication Skills">
<CompetencyEvidence name="ManagerObservation" dateOfIncident="1996-01-01" lastUsed="2000-01-01">
<NumericValue minValue="1" maxValue="5" description="Company XYZ Skill Range">5</NumericValue>
</CompetencyEvidence>
<CompetencyWeight>
<NumericValue minValue="0" maxValue="100">65</NumericValue>
</CompetencyWeight>
</Competency>
</Competency>

=Logging=
All competency related changes should be logged in history tables.

=Role capabilities and permissions=

{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|'''Description'''
|'''Capability'''

|-
|View competency competencies
|moodle/competency:viewcompetencies

|-
|View hidden competencies
|moodle/competency:viewhiddencompetencies

|-
|Manage competencies
|moodle/competency:managecompetencies
|}

=Ideas for the future=
# Allow competencies to be attached to an individual user (either by user profile field or by drag and drop).
# Allow competencies to be tagged (in a folksonomy) using Moodle's tag/lib.

[[Category:Project]]

Development:Competencies - История изменений

Олег Давидович: 1 версия импортирована

1>Janvh: /* "Add / edit competency depth" admin page */

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